Title Define the differences between necessities, comforts, and luxur

Title: Define the differences between necessities, comforts, and luxuries In reality, when is enough really enough? It is often said that everyone has needs and wants. Our needs are made up of a combination of supplies and equipments that we consider essential in order for us to survive. However, peoples wants are simply desires that we all have besides our needs. Most people make every effort to improve lifestyles to have better conditions for themselves as well as for their families. However, a persons needs, comforts, and luxuries will drastically vary depending on their financial situation, their personality, and the countrys economy. If someone is not financially stable, he or she will not be able to afford a luxurious lifestyle. Such a person will most likely seek a comfortable style of living where they are able to simply to fulfil their basic necessities. On the other a middle class family will want to live comfortably not only being able to buy everything they need, but also to fulfil their wants as well. They do have a choice on whether they want to spend their money on living luxuriously, but one of their ultimate goals in life will be to improve their quality of living. Now think of a high class family and how they basically have everything they need and want. They cannot ask for more because they know very well that they are able to afford it. Everything that they buy is to comfort and to spoil themselves. It is important to understand that not all people are the same. Despite the fact that some have more wants than others, some actually can control themselves by telling themselves that buying certain things are not necessary. For instance, take a person who wants to start eating healthy. It is so expensive to eat healthy that they might reconsider. Therefore, they are choosing a want over a need. I can use myself as an example because at often times I want everything, but then I say to myself, It is really something that I cant live without? Like mentioned before, everyone is different. Maybe for some it is crucial for them to have something, while the other sees it as less valuable, therefore they say to themselves that they dont need nor want it. A middle class family should normally live a lifestyle where they consider as comforting and satisfied. They should be able to at least rent or own a house, yet at the same time strive for luxurious accessories and items. Nonetheless, they cannot always buy everything and spoil their kids with toys because if you come to think about it, is it really necessary? In the end you might be donating everything to Goodwill or to Salvation Army. Therefore, before buying something, think twice and ask yourself if it is really worth it? A countrys economy can also be related to how everyone chooses what their real needs and wants are. It is obvious that developing compared to developed countries have different levels of necessities. For instance, a third world country may say that having a car is not really essential because food is more important, but a developed country may debate that nowadays, having a car is quite necessary because it is a form of transportation. In poorer countries, food may really be all they really need and their wants might be simple things such as computers, televisions, and for many an education. Therefore, it really does depend on what a family in a developing and a developed country is used to. It is explained by Vick Karl in his article titled A Man of Peoples Needs and Wants published in The Washington Post, that needs can vary according to a persons age, the physical environment, the way a person is raised, their health, as well as many other factors. Nevertheless, within the years, these differences have changed. Certain ways of looking at this scenario would be trying to understand that the old often need less than the young, the low class might often need less than the higher class people, and the healthy might need less than the ill. It is really impossible to be able to draw the

Sample Topics For a Graduate Essay

Sample Topics For a Graduate EssayThe best way to select sample topics for a Graduate Essay is to have the topic decided beforehand. This can be done by choosing a group of topics that you want to discuss during your paper. It should then be started as soon as possible, so that you can finish it early and keep good grades.The best way to decide which topics to choose is to search the web and see which topics are being chosen. You can also use the services of an online research tool. Do this by clicking on the words 'sample topics for ged essay' and the list will show up. The ones that are being discussed are the most likely to be useful for your paper.If you select topics that are a little more advanced then you may need to find a tutor can, you will have to do the research yourself. You will have to make sure that you find topics that interest you the most and which are relevant to your subject. This can take a lot of time but it will pay off in the end.It is always best to start wr iting your essay with the topic that interests you the most. This is the one topic that is best for you to write about. When you have chosen your topic, it is important to write about it in a way that makes you comfortable with it. Make sure that you do not get into rambling or boring your audience with the content of your paper.Remember to always write with a topic that you are comfortable with. Once you get to know how to write a well-written essay, you will probably start writing a lot easier and quicker. You can use a document called the 'gist'.Writing a gist can be done through several different ways. You can use these steps if you have a writing pen and paper and have decided on the topic that you want to write about.When you do your research to find sample topics for a graduate essay it is important to make sure that the topics you choose are suitable to the topic that you choose. If you are able to do this then you can avoid many pitfalls and simply write the essay on a topi c that you enjoy writing about.

Composed upon Westminster Bridge Essays

Composed upon Westminster Bridge Essays Composed upon Westminster Bridge Paper Composed upon Westminster Bridge Paper William Wordsworth was part of the Romantic movement. This usually involved using plain language, unlike most poetry at the time, and addressing liberal political issues to do with the suffering of poor agricultural workers. He often celebrated nature, and wrote about landscapes. He believed in the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings being expressed in poetry. Wordsworths poems, including this one, use the Petrachan form, made up of an octave, rhyming: a;b;b;a;a;b;b;a, and a sestet, rhyming c;d;c;d;c;d. The sonnet describes something very beautiful, which seems to be a city. It may contain suggestions about society. Because the city is man-made, it may suggest that man is capable of making very beautiful things; possibly even more so than nature. It may, though mean, that people are not like this, because the city is only made beautiful by the sun and the morning. The octave seems to just be a simple description of a beautiful, physical thing. We are strongly made to believe that this is a city, because Wordsworth calls it this city, and the tile contains Westminster Bridge. However, Dorothys journal (from which we glean an insight into Wordsworths earlier poetry) notes that in September 1802 their return home through London from France took place late in the evening, on a misty day when they could see nothing. Wordsworth may have used Dorothys earlier entry in July to inspire this composition which he subsequently dated September 1802. It is generally agreed that he must have confused his dates; but it may also be suggested that during his visit to the capital in July, or on his return journey from seeing both his child and former lover, his spirits were high, as this sonnet is surely a dedication to the glory of nature, reflected in the beauty of a summers morning. His first sighting of London must have been enriched by what he saw on Westminster Bridge that day, in order for him to be inspired to compose such a soulful eulogy to the mighty heart of the city, all bright and glittering in the smokeless air. It may even show his present sense of the divine manifestation of Gods handy-work in the creation of that morning. What Wordsworth does convey in the poem is a London of light, life and liberty; and it is these three elements of the poem that shall be looked at. There are two good references to light (and cleanliness) in the poem. One of the most striking of these is in line 8 All bright and glittering in the smokeless air. This is a reference to the ships, towers, domes and temples in line 6, which lie / Open unto the fields, and to the sky. By referring to the bright and glittering smokeless air, Wordsworth gives us an image of a crisp, clear morning in summer; where the early morning sunlight bathes the towers, domes and temples on either side of the Thames; and upon the ships themselves that may have been seen to dance upon the reflected sunlight from the river itself. Imaginatively, he impresses a morning of beauty and purity, with the clear, intense light that you can only get on a summers morning even in a city. By this, it is as though he were witnessing Gods work itself in the new day before him. The second sense of light we get in the poem is shown in the lines Never did sun more beautifully steep / In his first splendour, valley rock or hill. Here, Wordsworth is portraying the light of the sun soaking the city landscape (perhaps in antiquity, before the city were even there); or as purely as it would seep into a landscape more natural- that of the very valleys, rocks and hills mentioned. Wordsworths reference to his first splendour is that of the sun personified; and perhaps he is comparing his sight of London on this morning with the suns first rays bathing the natural landscape on the very first morning of creation. It is with this personification of the sun as his (amongst others) that Wordsworth conveys a London of life in the poem. By his reference to the suns rays as his first splendour, he is lending the sense that the sun is a person, and alive. Wordsworth uses personification in this way at other times in the poem, all with a will to breathe life into his words. Notably, The river glideth at his own sweet will and The city doth, like a garment wear, and also All that mighty heart is lying still. Here, the personification of the river and of the city gives the impression of them being alive. The line This city now doth, like a garment wear portrays the city as a living being, wearing The beauty of the morning as though it were a garment. Also, in the line The river glideth at his own sweet will, we are left with an imagery of a river flowing liberally, wherever it wishes to, not constrained by the city or its own banks, but freely roaming, with a will of its own. The line And all that mighty heart is lying still gives a strong conveyance of the beating heart of the living city, or the pulsing heart of commerce and trade, and the paths of freedom reaching out to the far flung shores of the world. It may be felt that this line gives an impression where all Wordsworth sees and mentions in the poem seems alive, has a mighty heart that beats to its own rhythm of life. One other personification Wordsworth uses, be it not as great as the other examples given, is in line 13 Dear God! The very houses seem asleep. The reference to the houses sleeping is an impression of the actual bricks and mortar appearing to be asleep on this morning- just as its inhabitants may well have been. Other ways the poem conveys life is through the lines Open unto the fields, and to the sky, and valley, rock or hill, a clear reference to nature. Wordsworth uses a number of similar references to the natural world in this poem, notably: river, sun, fields, sky, valley, rock, hill and Earth. Through these, the reader has a sense of the natural within Wordsworths vision of London: an impression of life. By Wordsworth referring to the Ships, towers, domes and temples (in line 6) being Open unto the fields, and to the sky (in line 7), he is giving an idea that the buildings and man made structures of the city, as they are being highlighted by the light of the summers morning, bear a resemblance to the more natural elements of tree, wood and rock. An open field, or an open sky, holds an abundance of natural life. It is this idea that Wordsworth is trying to communicate: Earth has not anything to show more fair; than the sight of London, filled with life, on this morning. By referring it to the natural world, he is imbuing life into his vision. Another way life is portrayed in the poem is through the use of alliteration, especially of the /t/ sound. For example in And all that mighty heart is lying still, the tempo of the line gives the impression of a beating heart through regular emphasis of the /t/ sound. Throughout this line of ten syllables, five of the syllables are emphasised by the /t/ sound, which highlights the rhythm of the line. Liberty, freedom and non restraint are represented in a number of lines in the poem, not least the previously mentioned The river glideth at his own sweet will and Open unto the fields, and to the sky. Both lines (as shown) convey life through personification, but they both also strongly represent the idea of liberty. In the first line, the reader is left with an imagery of a meandering river winding its way through green meadows, lined with willow edged banks. A scene of the open country, not one of the constrained city. In the second line, liberty is conveyed through the impression of an open vista of fields, stretching into the hazed distance and meeting the immensity of the sky. By using words to convey an imagery of liberty, Wordsworth infuses the spirit of freedom into his words. The use of sibilance in this line and in line 11 Neer saw I, never felt, a calm so deep! / The river glideth at his own sweet will; shows the use of sibilance (underlined), the repetitions of the /s/ sound, to convey a sense of liberty. This is why Wordsworth uses the pronoun his not her, which is the traditional reference to rivers and water. By using sibilance, Wordsworths words flow and are not restricted; the sound of the s moves the words along freely. Other sounds Wordsworth uses, such as the soft phoneme /l/ sound, as well as the /s/ sound mentioned, convey a liberty of spirit within the poem. Examples of the soft /l/ phoneme sound are in line 4 and 5: This City now doth, like a garment, wear / the beauty of the morning, silent, bare, Also, All bright and glittering, in the smokeless air. And hill, will and still at the ends of lines 10, 12 and 14, respectively. In fact, the entire structure of the poem as a fourteen line sonnet allows the words, sound and meaning to flow freely throughout. The iambic pentameter of the poem gives an ordered rhythm and repeated sound which flows through the poem. This conveys a sense of freedom as the sound moves from one line to the next, ebbing and flowing like a river. This also allows the sound of the poem, when read aloud, to impress an imagined babbling brook; conjuring numerous words which can be used to describe the sound of the poem from airy, gentle, soft, flowing and calm. One other element Wordsworth uses to convey a London of liberty is the use of enjambment, where the punctuation used allows the poem to be read in a flowing manner. The reader continues from one line to the next, with no pause, which gives a sense of fluidity and movement. Other ways Wordsworth uses sound to convey light, life and liberty are in his use of polysyllables throughout the poem. Examples of these are beautifully, majesty, splendour and glideth. By using polysyllables, Wordsworth is using the sound of these words to match the required 10 syllables for each line in order to produce the fourteen line sonnet; but, the words used are important as they can also convey life, light and liberty. Wordsworth also uses long sounding vowel sounds, such as the /i:/ of sleep, deep and majesty; the /i:/ and /u:/ of be auty and be autiful; the /e / of air and fair and the / / of clear. He also uses /aI/ in glideth. It is through the use of assonance of these long vowel sounds that Wordsworth also portrays, light, life and, most of all, liberty in his poem. The assonance draws the reader onward and gives a quiet, calm, gentle and flowing sound to the overall composition. Wordsworths poem Composed Upon Westminster Bridge praises the coexistence between nature and civilization, and conveys dramatically, and sometimes subtly, to the reader a London of light, life and liberty. He does this through a number of means: imagery of words or phrases; use of assonance and soft phoneme sounds; enjambment, by allowing the poem to flow freely; personification of the sun, river and city itself; the sound and the rhythm of the poem; alliteration and the use of sibilance to encourage the rhythm and sound of the poem to freely flow. By these means, Composed Upon Westminster Bridge clearly conveys a London imbued with light, life and liberty.

Why Bush and Lincoln Both Suspended Habeas Corpus

Why Bush and Lincoln Both Suspended Habeas Corpus On Oct. 17, 2006, President George W. Bush signed a law suspending the right of habeas corpus to persons determined by the United States to be an enemy combatant in the Global War on Terror. President Bushs action drew severe criticism, mainly for the laws failure to specifically designate who in the United States  will determine who is and who is not an enemy combatant. What, Really, a Time of Shame This Is... To President Bushs support for the law the Military Commissions Act of 2006 and its suspension of writs of habeas corpus, Jonathan Turley, professor of constitutional law at George Washington University stated, What, really, a time of shame this is for the American system. What the Congress did and what the president signed today essentially revokes over 200 years of American principles and values. But It Was Not the First Time In fact, the Military Commissions Act of 2006 was not the first time in the history of the U.S. Constitution that its guaranteed right to writs of habeas corpus has been suspended by an action of the President of the United States. In the early days of the U.S. Civil War President Abraham Lincoln suspended writs of habeas corpus. Both presidents based their action on the dangers of war, and both presidents faced sharp criticism for carrying out what many believed to be an attack on the Constitution. There were, however, both similarities and differences between the actions of Presidents Bush and Lincoln. What Is a Writ of Habeas Corpus? A writ of habeas corpus is a judicially enforceable order issued by a court of law to a prison official ordering that a prisoner must  be brought to the court so it can be determined whether or not that prisoner had been lawfully imprisoned and, if not, whether he or she should be released from custody. A habeas corpus petition is a petition filed with a court by a person who objects to his own or anothers detention or imprisonment. The petition must show that the court ordering the detention or imprisonment made a legal or factual error. The right of habeas corpus is the constitutionally bestowed right of a person to present evidence before a court that he or she has been wrongly imprisoned. Where OurRight of Habeas CorpusComes From The right of writs of habeas corpus is granted in Article I, Section 9, clause 2 of the Constitution, which states, The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it. Bushs Suspension of Habeas Corpus President Bush suspended writs of habeas corpus through his support and signing into law of the Military Commissions Act of 2006. The bill grants the President of the United States almost unlimited authority in establishing and conducting military commissions to try persons held by the U.S. and considered to be unlawful enemy combatants in the Global War on Terrorism. In addition, the Act suspends the right of unlawful enemy combatants to present or to have presented in their behalf, writs of habeas corpus. Specifically, the Act states, No court, justice, or judge shall have jurisdiction to hear or consider an application for a writ of habeas corpus filed by or on behalf of an alien detained by the United States who has been determined by the United States to have been properly detained as an enemy combatant or is awaiting such determination. Importantly, the Military Commissions Act does not affect the hundreds of writs of habeas corpus already filed in federal civilian courts on behalf of persons held by the U.S.as unlawful enemy combatants. The Act only suspends the accused persons right to present writs of habeas corpus until after their trial before the military commission has been completed. As explained in a White House Fact Sheet on the Act, ... our courts should not be misused to hear all manner of other challenges by terrorists lawfully held as enemy combatants in wartime. Lincolns Suspension of Habeas Corpus Along with a declaring martial law, President Abraham Lincoln ordered the suspension of the constitutionally protected right to writs of habeas corpus in 1861, shortly after the start of the American Civil War. At the time, the suspension applied only in Maryland and parts of the Midwestern states. In response to the arrest of Maryland secessionist John Merryman by Union troops, then Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Roger B. Taney defied Lincoln s order and issued a writ of habeas corpus demanding that the U.S. Military bring Merryman before the Supreme Court. When Lincoln and the military refused to honor the writ, Chief Justice Taney in Ex-parte MERRYMAN declared Lincolns suspension of habeas corpus unconstitutional. Lincoln and the military ignored Taneys ruling. On Sept. 24, 1862, President Lincoln issued a proclamation suspending the right to writs of habeas corpus nationwide. Now, therefore, be it ordered, first, that during the existing insurrection and as a necessary measure for suppressing the same, all Rebels and Insurgents, their aiders and abettors within the United States, and all persons discouraging volunteer enlistments, resisting militia drafts, or guilty of any disloyal practice, affording aid and comfort to Rebels against the authority of United States, shall be subject to martial law and liable to trial and punishment by Courts Martial or Military Commission: Additionally, Lincolns proclamation specified whose rights of habeas corpus would be suspended: Second. That the Writ of Habeas Corpus is suspended in respect to all persons arrested, or who are now, or hereafter during the rebellion shall be, imprisoned in any fort, camp, arsenal, military prison, or other place of confinement by any military authority of by the sentence of any Court Martial or Military Commission. In 1866, after the end of the Civil War, the Supreme Court officially restored habeas corpus throughout the nation and declared military trials illegal in areas where civilian courts were again able to function. On Oct. 17, 2006, President Bush suspended the constitutionally bestowed right of writs of habeas corpus. President Abraham Lincoln did the same thing 144 years ago. Both presidents based their action on the dangers of war, and both presidents faced sharp criticism for carrying out what many believed to be an attack on the Constitution. But there were some significant differences and similarities in both the circumstances and the details of the two presidents actions. Differences and SimilaritiesRecalling that the Constitution allows for the suspension of habeas corpus when Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it, lets consider some of the differences and similarities between the actions of Presidents Bush and Lincoln. Presidents Bush and Lincoln both acted to suspend habeas corpus under the powers granted to them as Commander in Chief of the U.S. Military during a time of war.President Lincoln acted in the face of an armed rebellion within the United States Ââ€" the U.S. Civil War. President Bushs action was a response to the Global War on Terrorism, considered to have been triggered by the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in New York City and the Pentagon. Both presidents, however, could cite Invasion or the much broader term public Safety as constitutional triggers for their actions.President Lincoln suspended habeas corpus unilaterally, while President Bushs suspension of habeas corpus was approved by Congress through the Military Commissions Act.President Lincolns action suspended the habeas corpus rights of U.S. citizens. The Military Commissions Act of 2006, signed by President Bush, stipulates that the right of habeas corpus should be denied only to aliens detained by the United States.Bot h suspensions of habeas corpus applied only to persons held in military prisons and tried before military courts. The habeas corpus rights of persons tried in civilian courts were not affected. Certainly the suspension even if temporary or limited of any right or freedom granted by the U.S. Constitution is a momentous act that should be carried out in only in the face of dire and unanticipated of circumstances. Circumstances like civil wars and terrorist attacks are certainly both dire and unanticipated. But whether one or both, or neither warranted the suspension of the right of writs of habeas corpus remains open for debate.

Comment To Peer Response Dq1 AND dQ2jb Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Comment To Peer Response Dq1 AND dQ2jb - Essay Example A branding strategy is build through the passage of times by investing in marketing and public relations initiatives. It takes time to build a brand value. Coca-Cola has tremendous brand value because it has been in existence for over 100 years. Two factors that help develop a brand strategy are effective communications with stakeholder groups and effective use of distribution channels (Williams, 2012). Diversifying is a great strategy to remain competitive during tough economic times. Companies with greater product variety will attract more customers. I agree with you that diversifying can help boost profits. Two types of diversification strategies are related and unrelated diversification (Scribd, 2012). A second strategy that you mentioned in your response was mergers and acquisitions. Mergers and acquisitions help companies increase their market share in an industry. Some of the benefits of mergers and acquisitions include access to new market segments, new innovation opportunities, access to new revenue streams, and maximization of return on investment (Frost). I also liked your idea of seeking expansion by taking advantage of the internet. Customers are purchasing more goods and services online than in the past. In 2011 the e-commerce sales in the United States reach $188.1 billion (Plunkettresearchonline, 2012). Some of the most successful online businesses are EBay, Amazon, and

BUSN U5IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BUSN U5IP - Research Paper Example Unit –5 Regression Analyses Introduction This assignment conducts three linear regression tests for three pairs of independent and dependent variables. The data used to conduct the tests were obtained from a survey conducted by AIU. The regression tests were conducted using Excel’s built-in function. The following paragraphs present the results and analyses of tests. Results of Tests Table 1 Regression Output of Variables Benefits vs. Intrinsic Job Satisfaction Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.030092219 R – Square 0.000905542 Adjusted R square -0.004408791 Standard Error 0.876576061 Observations 190    Coefficient Y- intercept 4.524522995 Slope 0.151207676 Note: Benefits = X; Intrinsic job satisfaction = Y Figure 1. Regression line Benefits vs. Intrinsic job satisfaction Table 2 Regression Output of Variables Benefits vs. Extrinsic Job Satisfaction Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.026855348 R – Square 0.00072121 Adjusted R square -0.004594103 Standar d Error 1.024951959 Observations 190    Coefficient Y- intercept 5.750215066 Slope -0.157769935 Note: Benefits = X; Extrinsic job satisfaction = Y Figure 2. Regression line Benefits vs. Extrinsic job satisfaction Table 3 Regression Output of Variables Benefits vs. ... nsic job satisfaction 0.15 4.52 Y = 4.52 + 0.15 X 0.000905542 Extrinsic job satisfaction -0.16 5.75 Y = 5.75 – 0.16 X 0.00072121 Overall job satisfaction -0.07 4.96 Y = 4.96 – 0.07 X 0.0001144390 Note: Benefits = X Analysis of Results and Conclusion The assignment conducted three separate linear regression analyses in order to establish a relationship between independent and dependent variables obtained through a survey. The relationship between the two variables, in this case, is expressed through the linear regression equation, y = a + bx. In this equation a is called intercept of Y-axis and b is called slope of the regression line (â€Å"University of New England†, n.d.). The slope indicates how changes in values of independent variable affect changes of dependent variable. The slope b may receive a positive or a negative value. A positive slope defines that the dependent variable increases as the independent increases while the negative implies dependent vari able decreases while the independent variable increases. Table 4 displays one positive and two negative slopes. Thus, Y = 4.52 + 0.15 X defines that both Benefits and Intrinsic job satisfaction move in the same direction, which suggests that the increase of benefits increases intrinsic job satisfaction. However, Y = 5.75 – 0.16 X defines that the variables Benefits and Extrinsic job satisfaction move in different directions. It means an increase of Benefits decreases extrinsic job satisfaction. Regression equations Y = 5.75 – 0.16 X, and Y = 4.96 – 0.07 X demonstrate negative relationships between independent and dependent variables while Y = 4.52 + 0.15 X displays positive relationship between independent and dependent variables. The Excel regression statistics evaluates linear correlation coefficient

Sociological Methods Of Research

Sociological Methods Of Research Sociology studies the social structures and influences society has on people, their experiences and interpretations of the world around them. Sociology provides information on how human societies are constructed, where our belief system may stem from, our daily routines and how social identities are formed. This essay will cover a small fraction of sociology; Quantitative and Qualitative methodology, its advantages and limitations. What will also be covered is quantitative approach to suicide by Emile Durkheim (1897) and his critic, J.D Douglas qualitative approach to suicide. (Tutor2U 2010) Emile Durkheim (1938) advocated Comtes methodology and agreed that social factors should be studied rather than what goes on internally; his rule was to consider social facts as things, he believed social facts make individuals behave in a certain ways (Haralambous). Sociologists use different methodologies to reach their conclusion; ways of producing and analyzing data so the theories can be tested which are then accepted or rejected. Durkheim adopted the methods of natural science by applying the use of quantitative methods in his suicide study. There are two ways in conducting a research, primary and secondary research. Primary research is where sociologist has to start from scratch as there is no data available, for it to be taken from. In order to do this the researcher needs to design they method of collecting data and analyze the results. Primary research is only validated if the research gives true measurement, descriptions or explanation of what was being studied. Unfortunately there is a likely hood that these finding may not be actually explain peoples everyday settings or actions. (Haralambous p815-16) Secondary research is data that has already been produced by a previous researcher(s); Organizations such as companies, charities, trade unions are useful sources of data as well as documents such as letters, autobiographies and dairies. Secondary research may not be specific enough for researchers needs which in that case means they may have to look at more than one source to come to a conclusion and not only that but more than necessary time is taken up, also information given by the secondary data are sometimes questionable which is why the research has to be aware of this disadvantage (Haralambous 838-9) Quantitative research, in sociology, contains measurements of variables within society; people and groups. In order to get peoples opinions, a survey may be carried out; fieldwork, experiments or documentary research. When these methods are carried out, the researchers are usually avoiding being biased. In order to be unbiased as possible questions that are asked in a closed question form, so the participants replies are very limited or generalised observations are then conducted. Researchers who carrying out quantitative research do not want to get distracted from the intent of the research; they know exactly what they are looking for so their researches are controlled, with closed questions or only statistical information (McGuigan 2010). Alternatively, qualitative research, in sociology, attempts to gather more in depth understanding of individuals or groups actions in the context of social life (Giddens 2009). There usually is no scientific evidence and if there is, its very little evidence. When using qualitative methods of research the investigator is more interested in deeper truths; they prefer to observe things in their natural settings, make sense of things and interpret the information gained; in order to gain information they may interview people or observe them in non artificial settings. Qualitative is more theoretical rather than statistical. Information gained explores deeper into their interest and then data is collected by either observing or interviewing and from the data gain helps generate a hypothesis. Qualitative research digs deeper into reasons of why people may act the way they do. A survey is a method used by researchers to gather information from a sample of individuals whether its from a certain gender, age, race etc where the researchers interest is at and changes depending on the purpose of the study. These samples of individuals are questioned on their information that will help the sociologist conclude, questions can be very much closed questions or open, they are sent out to participants or administered directly; surveys can have a variety of purposes and questions are asked in standardized procedures so the same questions are asked; Surveys help obtain a composite profile of the population. In all reputable survey organizations, organisers should present their results anonymously (Scheuren). Surveys are an advantage for generalizing a big group by getting smaller groups to answer the questions once there is an efficient amount of results. Unfortunately there is a risk of answers to the questions being answered falsely, may not actually reflect their tr ue feelings or may even seem superficial. Surveys can be used to either get quantitative or qualitative data, solely relies on the wording of the question, whether its a open question or a closed question. Field work is when the investigator hangs out, works or lives with a group, organization or community and lives the realism of the environment by taking direct part in their activities; in other words real world experience. Investigators who take part in this are likely to have a better understanding of those who actually are a part of what they are investigating. This method is more likely to be used to have a qualitative outcome. There are two types of experiments, one being laboratory and the other being field experiment. Experiments are used to test the hypothesis and the relationships between the two variables are tested. It is conducted in a controlled environment where the variables are isolated and the correlation between things can be discovered. In sociology laboratory experiments are barely used as they believed variables cannot be controlled, the environment people are put in are artificial which will lead to the actions of people being artificial too and they do not believe its right to put laboratories just to measure the effect of variables. Field experiments have been proved to be more used and affective in sociology as they are conducted in normal everyday situations and environments; variables cannot be controlled. Although field experiments arent conducted in laboratory they are still not exact but are more valid than lab experiments as the actions from the people are real; less artificial. B ut if people are aware that they are taking part in a experiment their actions can become artificial, for an example workers may work harder in normal conditions because they know they are being observed. Emile Durkheim (1897) did a socially confusing study on suicide based on the hypothesis; as the individuals social unity decreased it was found there was an increase of suicide rates. Durkheim (1897) did not believe that reasoning for suicide was an individual act, he believed suicide was a social fact that can be proved by other social facts; the larger social forces can account for social facts. Durkheim (1897) employed quantitative research to his study of suicide, to make it have a scientific backbone as he believed it to be more rich and valid, by examining the official suicide statistics in France; these official statistics were secondary sources produced by the government. He believed that patterns of suicide were linked to the way which individuals were integrated and regulated by society and how they controlled them, he identified there were four types of suicide, and he generalized these four types of suicide to everyone; the four were Egoistic, Anomic, Altruistic and Fatal istic suicide. Egoistic suicide is when an individual is isolated or their ties to a group is broken or weakened; Catholics and Protestants. Anomic suicide is when an individual feels his life has a lack of meaning and feels as they are worthless, this can be a result of a divorce. Altruistic suicide is when an individual values others more for an example a mother who pushes their child out the way of a oncoming car and hurts herself or a suicide bomber. Fatalistic suicide is when an individual feels hopeless about their fate or feels excessively restraint for an example an individual may take their own life before the police arrest them to avoid being in a cell for the rest of their life or many years. Egotistic and Anomic are the two most common occurred, of the four. In contrast to Durkheims study of suicide Douglas (1967) is one of the many interpretive sociologists; interpretive approach strongly advocate qualitative data as they believe sociologists should be able to understand and interpret the meanings and motives of actions and quantitative data does not help discover meanings and motives. Interpretative sociologists reject studying social facts as things, they say natural sciences deal with matter and matter does not have a mind which in that case has no consciousness which in that case there is no meaning in behaviour. Interpretive approach acknowledges that people have consciousness, it is believed that people will interpret the meaning of a stimulus and then react to it; meaning is attached to the stimulus. J.D Douglas (1967) conducted his study Social meanings of Suicide, he believed that the official statistics were systematically biased and could have been made up by friends, families, and coroners. He disputed that Durkheim (YEAR) neglected other meanings attached to why an individual may commit suicide, he believed it to be wrong that Durkheim (YEAR) would treat all suicides the same without investigating other reasonings. Douglas was concerned with meanings of suicide and believed there to be different reasons behind a suicide than the four generalisations Durkheim (YEAR) had made. In Douglass (1967) study of social meanings for suicide he believed there to be four different meanings of suicide. Douglas (1967) believed in qualitative research methods to find his answers to why an individual would commit suicide; his methods were conducting case studies, unstructured interviews and diaries, from his investigations he found four types of suicide, the four are Transformation of the s oul, this is where it is used as a way of getting into heaven, transformation of self, this is where the individual would want others to think differently of them, suicide where an individual wants sympathy and suicide where the individual tries to get revenge by leaving the other person feeling guilty.